Symptoms and causes of Acne

The most common form of acne called acne vulgaris, referring to common acne. This is presented as a series of excessive secretions of sebaceous glands, which combined with dead skin cells, blocking the hair follicle. Sometimes it also appears a defect in the keratinization process of the skin, which leads to abnormal leakage from the pores of skin lining.

Under the pore clogging oil secretions are produced that provide a perfect environment for Propionibacterium acnes P. acnes, which causes an infection in the pore excrete pus, causing acne to multiply uncontrollably. In response, the skin becomes inflamed, leading to the visible lesion. The face, chest, back, shoulders and arms are especially affected.

In addition to the visible scars, acne usually appears during adolescence, just when teenagers tend to be most socially insecure. Acne can be very annoying pains in the pores of the skin and also becomes a trauma for aesthetic reasons.

It is unknown why some people get acne and some do not, but it is known to be partly hereditary.

Several factors are known linked to acne:

  • Hormonal activity, such as menstrual cycles during puberty.
  • Stress, driven by the discharge of the adrenal glands.
  • Hyperactive sebaceous glands, secondary to the hormones listed below.
  • Accumulation of dead skin cells.
  • Bacteria in the pores, to which the body becomes allergic.
  • Skin irritation or scratching any way to activate inflammation.
  • Some medications (see Types of Acne)
  • Exposure to high levels of chlorine compounds.

Traditionally, attention has focused on the overproduction of sebum under the influence hormonal as the main contributor. Recently, there has been given more attention to the narrowing of the follicular canal as a second contributing factor. The shedding of abnormal cells in the follicle, abnormal cell connected between the follicle and water retention in the skin (the skin and swallowing pressing the closure of the hair), have been highlighted as important mechanisms. It has been associated multiple hormones with sebaceous overproduction:

  • The male hormone testosterone
  • Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
  • Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)
  • The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I).

Additionally, it has been shown that acne-prone skin is resistant to insulin.

The development of acne vulgaris is common in puberty. In adults more often suffer from rosacea, which may look similar. True acne vulgaris in older adults, may be characteristic of an underlying condition such as pregnancy and disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome or the rare Cushing's syndrome.

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